Peptide appearance
Lyophilized form helps protect peptide quality. Peptides are supplied as a dry powder, which may look like a compact "puck" or a lighter powder inside the vial.
Because the peptide is dry, it does not require refrigerated shipping during normal transit, including warm seasonal conditions. For longer storage, follow the storage guidance in the product description.
Appearance can vary. The stated peptide content is checked through third-party analysis.
Read more in the product description.
Solution not bundled
Peptides are delivered as lyophilized powder. This dry form helps preserve peptide quality during storage and transport and does not require refrigerated shipping during normal transit.
To prepare a solution, use a solvent such as Bacteriostatic water. It is sold separately, so add it only when you need it for peptide preparation.
Read more in the product description.
Cellular Biology Research
SS-31
In stock
SS-31 is a four-amino-acid peptide used in mitochondrial-membrane research. Published studies look at cardiolipin binding, cellular energy, cardiac-ischaemia models, and inflammation signals.
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Arrives 16 – 20 October to Europe
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SS-31
Price range: 60,50 € through 192,50 €
Mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide for cardiolipin and bioenergetic studies.
Research overview
SS-31
SS-31, also called elamipretide, is a defined aromatic, positively charged peptide. Its charge and aromatic amino acids matter in mitochondrial-membrane studies.
Studies cover mitochondrial function, reactive-oxygen measurements, cardiac research, metabolic models, and inflammation markers. These findings apply only to the experiments reported.
Mitochondrial membrane and energy
Studies measure cardiolipin binding, electron transport, ATP-related endpoints, and reactive oxygen. These are laboratory questions about mitochondrial-membrane organisation.
Each paper must be read with the exact cell, tissue, or isolated-mitochondria model used.
Cardiac and metabolic models
Other studies use cardiac-ischaemia, metabolic, and inflammation models. Their measurements stay limited to the original research conditions.
Compound information
Specifications
Molecular profile
- Sequence
- D-Arg-2,6-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2
- Molecular mass
- 639.8 g/mol
- CAS number
- 736992-21-5
- Molecular formula
- C32H49N9O5
Material record
- Physical appearance
- White to off-white lyophilized powder
- Solubility
- Soluble in bacteriostatic water and suitable aqueous laboratory solvents.
- Product note
- Mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide; studied for cardiolipin interaction, oxidative-stress pathway models, and cellular energy biology; supplied strictly for research use only.
Laboratory care
Handling
Peptides in transport
Peptides in lyophilized form are supplied in glass vials by standard shipping methods and do not require refrigeration. Short-term temperature fluctuations during transport will not reduce their quality and efficacy. Even at high summer temperatures, the peptides in lyophilized form are stable for several weeks.
Storage of lyophilized peptides
Lyophilized peptides should be stored in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. The following storage conditions are generally recommended:
- Room temperature (15–25 °C): Up to 3 months
- Refrigerated (2–8 °C): Up to 6 months
- Frozen (-20 °C or below): 3–5 years (recommended for long-term storage)
Allow the vial to reach room temperature after taking it out of the refrigerator or freezer.
Storage of reconstituted peptides
Once reconstituted, peptide solutions are generally less stable than their lyophilized form and should be stored under refrigerated conditions whenever possible.
The following storage conditions are generally recommended:
- Room temperature (15–25 °C): Avoid prolonged storage
- Refrigerated (2–8 °C): Typically 4–8 weeks
- Frozen (-20 °C or below): Up to 3–4 months
To preserve peptide integrity, avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles, as these may accelerate peptide degradation.
Important: Most manufacturers recommend discarding reconstituted peptides within 4 weeks when stored at 2–8 °C. This recommendation is intentionally conservative and may not reflect the actual chemical stability of every peptide. In our own stability studies, many peptides reconstituted in bacteriostatic water showed no detectable degradation after 12 weeks of refrigerated storage. As peptide stability is highly sequence- and formulation-dependent, this result should not be extrapolated to all peptides without supporting stability data.
Analytical documentation
Tests
Latest published result
Liquilabs s.r.o.Signed Certificate of Analysis · 10mg
99.7%Purity by HPLC
Recorded QC panel
- AssayPeptide Screening 0.1% TFA
- 13.13 mg (± 0.07 mg)
- PurityPeptide Screening 0.1% TFA
- 99.7%
- Identity (FTIR)Peptide Screening 0.1% TFA
- 997 (± 5)
- Identity (RT)Retention time
- 0.994 (± 0.005)
- Bacterial endotoxinUSP 85 / Eur. Ph. 2.6.14
- 0.024 EU/mg
- Molecular ion massMass Spectrometry Identity
- 639 Da (± 1 Da)
These are the latest published results for this strength. The batch number is printed on each vial. Your supplied batch is confirmed against the matching published record when your order is allocated.
Documentation is available on request
Contact us for the current record for this strength. We never substitute a generic or mismatched certificate.
Your batch is confirmed when your order is allocated.Source record
References
National Center for Biotechnology Information
PubChem Compound Summary: Elamipretide
Authoritative identity record for SS-31, also described as elamipretide.
PubChem · View source ↗Zhao W, Xu Z, Cao J, et al. · 2019
Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice
Primary experimental report using elamipretide/SS-31.
Journal of Neuroinflammation · 10.1186/s12974-019-1627-9 View source ↗Karaa A, Bertini E, Carelli V, et al. · 2023
Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial
Primary clinical research report for elamipretide.
Neurology · 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207402 View source ↗Juan D. Chavez, Xiaoting Tang, Matthew D. Campbell, James E. Bruce · 2020
Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31
2020 ·H. H. Szeto et al. · 2011
Mitochondria-Targeted Peptide Accelerates ATP Recovery and Reduces Ischemic Kidney Injury
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN · 10.1681/asn.2010080808 View source ↗M. P. Siegel et al. · 2013
Mitochondrial targeted peptide rapidly improves mitochondrial energetics and skeletal muscle performance in aged mice
Aging Cell · 10.1111/acel.12102 View source ↗A. V. Birk et al. · 2013
The Mitochondrial-Targeted Compound SS-31 Re-Energizes Ischemic Mitochondria by Interacting with Cardiolipin
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN · 10.1681/asn.2012121216 View source ↗K. C. Chatfield et al. · 2019
Elamipretide Improves Mitochondrial Function in the Failing Human Heart
JACC Basic Transl. Sci · 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.12.005 View source ↗A. Karaa, R. Haas, A. Goldstein, J. Vockley, W. D. Weaver, and B. H. Cohen · 2018
Randomized dose-escalation trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy
Neurology · 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005255 View source ↗A. M. PhD · 2020
Elamipretide Failed to Meet Promise of Earlier Trial Results for
Mitochondrial Disease News, Jan. 10 ·· 2020
Could Elamipretide Become the First Treatment Option for Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy?
Neurology Live ·H. N. Sabbah, R. C. Gupta, S. Kohli, M. Wang, S. Hachem, and K. Zhang · 2016
Chronic Therapy With Elamipretide (MTP-131), a Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide, Improves Left Ventricular and Mitochondrial Function in Dogs With Advanced Heart Failure
Circ. Heart Fail · 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002206 View source ↗M. Hortmann et al. · 2019
The mitochondria-targeting peptide elamipretide diminishes circulating HtrA2 in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care · 10.1177/2048872617710789 View source ↗I. Escribano-Lopez et al. · 2018
The mitochondrial antioxidant SS-31 increases SIRT1 levels and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes
Sci. Rep · 10.1038/s41598-018-34251-8 View source ↗Y. Mo et al. · 2019
SS-31 reduces inflammation and oxidative stress through the inhibition of Fis1 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun · 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.077 View source ↗Y. Hou et al. · 1908
The antioxidant peptide SS31 prevents oxidative stress, downregulates CD36 and improves renal function in diabetic nephropathy
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. Off. Publ. Eur. Dial. Transpl. Assoc. - Eur. Ren. Assoc · 10.1093/ndt/gfy021 View source ↗Y. Hou et al. · 2015
Mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 attenuates renal injury via an antioxidant effect in diabetic nephropathy
Am. J. Physiol.-Ren. Physiol · 10.1152/ajprenal.00574.2014 View source ↗Customer reviews
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